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USAToday-25年来旅行方式的25个改变(第23期)

从在线订房、电子客票的兴起到他们突破美国运输安全管理局(TSA)的审查,旅行方式在过去25年里有了引人注目的改变。

The USA TODAY 编辑摘取了25项改变我们旅行方式的事件。

1在线订票(Online booking)

Computer
geeks with an affinity for alphabet-soup fare codes could access flight
information as early as the mid-1980s. But PC Travel’s nationwide debut
in 1994 helped jump-start the growth of online booking sites such as
Travelocity, Expedia, Orbitz and dozens of others — including Priceline
and its revolutionary “name your own price” concept. This year,
Internet sales will represent more than half of all travel bookings.

Tim Dillon, USA TODAY

2机场安监(TSA airport security)

911后,美国运输安全局(the Transportation Security Administration)彻底的改变了手提行李的规章。而今乘客们必须光着脚丫,脱掉外套,拿着透明的包包排队。

3电子客票(Airline e-tickets)

无票乘机早在1995年西南航空通过他在机场的电脑系统开始出售无纸机票时就开始了。而华盛顿州的一家人在1995年12月通过互联网购买了阿拉斯加航空公司的第一张无纸机票。

4拉杆行李箱(Roll-aboard luggage)

1987年为了解决行李的问题,西南航空的飞行员罗伯特普拉斯(Robert Plath)在其下面装了轮子和一个可拉开的手把,由此创造了第一个带轮垂直拉杆的行李箱。
开始仅用于航空公司,1991年后开始他将Travelpro Rollaboard 投放大众市场。

5禁烟航班(Smoke-free flights)

1988年,作为美国首大航空公司的西南航空第一个在其北美航线上禁烟。与此同时,联邦法律也出台航班至少两小时的禁烟规定。1995年,德尔塔(Delta)航空也第一次全线禁烟。

Handout

6连锁旅店(Boutique hotel chains)

1983年,比尔·金普顿(Bill Kimpton)在旧金山开了第二个酒店,成为美国第一个酒店连锁集团。金普顿酒店(Kimpton Hotels)在其从中档到低档的酒店中提倡时尚品味、私人服务和个性设计。

Jack Gruber, USA TODAY

7机场购物街(Airports as malls)

1992年,匹兹堡机场率先提倡一种革命性的理念:在其商店和旅馆中保持市场价格。这导致大型连锁店的出现和美国机场的商场化(mallification)。

8印第安式赌场(Indian casinos)

曾被认为是犯罪分子洗钱场所的赌场(casinos),但在1988年后联邦法律批准这种印第安游戏在保护区和部落保留地开设,使其风靡全美,在全国28个州的562个部落中,有40%的部落都开设了赌场。

Handout

9车载导航系统(GPS car-navigation systems)

我们曾迷路了,但现在我们找到了。感谢这个东西,这个从20世纪90年代开始在车主中流行的设备。通过美国卫星信号,它成为众多犯迷的旅行者们的道路指引。

10自助售票亭(Self-service ticketing kiosks)

1994年,自助售票亭才在机场首现,虽然早在1979年西南航空已经拥有了这种自助机器。

Pierre Verdy, AFP/Getty

11空客的庞大机型A380(Airbus A380 Super Jumbo)

今年出现的这个可容纳853人的庞然大物,结束了波音747占据全球最大客机市场38年的历史。

12航线共享数据(Airline code-sharing)

让某航空公司可以卖其合作者的飞机座位 ,始于20世纪80年代。其结果是,乘客可以定买他最便利的航空公司的机票,甚至是某一航空公司的常客却从未座过这个公司的一个航班。

Handout

13椅背娱乐系统(Seat-back entertainment systems)

当1988年西南航空首测它的座椅视频系统时,这促发了椅背娱乐的竞争,其后又推出了视频点播和电视直播。

14效益管理(Yield management)

当乘客发现邻座的机票比他便宜一半时,效益管理(Yield management)对他来说简直是太可恶了。由美国航空在上世纪80年代发展起来的效益管理现代被航空公司、酒店和汽车租赁公司普遍采纳。它就是根据不同的需求影响因素及时的调整产品价格。

George Frey, Bloomberg News

15拉斯维加斯Mirage酒店(The Mirage, Las Vegas)

1989年在Steve Wynn开张那个6.3亿美元投资拥有3049套房的Mirage酒店时(加州沙漠的第一个大酒店),拉斯维加斯的旅游业还很萧条。它复苏了这个罪恶之城(Sin City)并促使拉斯维加斯成为美国最值得观光的城市。

16Westin的舒适床(Westin’s Heavenly Bed)

Westin
Hotels scored an overnight sensation in 1999 when it introduced the
pillow-top mattress shrouded in three high-thread-count cotton sheets
and topped with a down blanket, duvet, comforter and five goose-feather
pillows. Other major lodging chains soon beefed up their own boudoirs.

17旅行顾问(Trip Advisor)

Tens
of millions of consumers got to voice their views on where to stay and
what to do after TripAdvisor created its Internet forum in 2000. The
website set the standard for user reviews of hotels, restaurants and
attractions.

18无饭航班(Flights without meals)

Airline
passengers suddenly faced in-flight hunger pangs when on Sept. 14,
2001, America West said it would stop serving meals because of 9/11
security measures. Others soon eliminated free coach-class meals to
save costs.

Handout

19海洋的统治者(Sovereign of the Seas)

Royal
Caribbean reinvented the cruise business in 1988 with the launch of
what is often billed as the world’s first mega-ship. It featured
unprecedented resort-like amenities and carried a then-astounding 2,852
passengers.

20低价航线的崛起(Ascent of low-cost airlines)

The
low-cost concept, with its simple fare structure, single passenger
class, limited in-flight service and use of secondary airports, soared
when Southwest Airlines expanded nationwide in the early 1990s.
Low-cost carriers now fly worldwide.

21里程信用卡(Affinity credit cards)

American
Airlines and Citibank revolutionized the way we earn miles in 1987 with
the first mile-earning credit card. The basic concept, 1 mile for every
dollar charged, still is the rule. It allowed even non-!frequent fliers
to accrue miles.

Al Behrman, AP

22高科技的过山车(High-tech roller coasters)

The
inverted coaster, pioneered at Six Flags Great America in 1992,
literally turned theme parks’ biggest attractions upside down — and
spawned a new generation of !stomach-churning scream machines.

23玛丽二世女王号(Queen Mary 2)

The
age of grand ocean liners was over. Or so people thought before Cunard
brazenly (and successfully) launched the 2,592-passenger Queen Mary 2,
the largest, tallest and longest ocean liner ever, in 2004.

24飞床(Flying beds)

Air
France introduced the first 180-degree flat-bed seats in its
first-class compartments in 1995. Four years later, British Airways was
the first airline to install beds in business class.

Mike Tsukamoto, USA TODAY

25商用超音速旅行的终结(End of commerical supersonic travel)

Doomed
by high fuel costs and environmental opposition, the Concorde made its
last flight in 2003 after more than three decades of service. It
remains an icon of aviation design and engineering.

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